Based on the Cao Mao mountain cross-tunnel project, on-site monitoring and theoretical study of the blasting vibration effect of the cross-tunnel were carried out, and the dynamic response of the existing tunnel under instantaneous explosion loads was analyzed. The equivalent radius of action (re) was introduced to replace the maximum charge per delay (Q) …

In addition, proper measures are to be adopted also proposed for safety of men, other vessels and structures in the blasting zone against blast vibrations. 3.2 Rock Properties

4. Safety Measures During Excavation. Once excavation work begins, several Safety Measures should be strictly adhered to: Implement trench boxes or shoring systems to prevent cave-ins. Maintain proper slope ratios for excavated walls to enhance stability. Regularly inspect the site for changes in conditions, such as rain or soil erosion.

Employers must protect workers from hazardous dust levels and toxic metals that may be generated from both the blasting material and the underlying substrate and coatings being …

Trenching and Excavation Safety 1 Introduction Excavation and trenching are among the most hazardous construction operations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Excavation standards, 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1926, Subpart P, contain requirements for excavation and trenching operations. This

When blasting, there are at least two major safety concerns. One is premature detonation. The other is flyrock. Premature detonation involves an unplanned detonation …

The conventional blasting rock excavation method is the main means of rock breakage because of its high productivity, and it is relatively inexpensive compared to other methods. However, it raises safety concerns and can …

The blast-induced vibration during excavation by the drilling and blasting method has an important impact on the surrounding buildings/structures and auxiliary equipment.

Bender (1999) defined production blasting as the type of blasting that is designed to fragment a predetermined volume of rock; widely spaced holes are drilled and fired in a controlled delay sequence.

Keywords: Excavation, Mechanized excavation, Drilling-blasting, Excavation safety Proceedings of 3 rd International Civil Engi neering and Architecture Congress (ICEARC' 23) 106 1.

Comprehensive review on principles and practices of underwater drilling and blasting, its environmental impacts, and mitigation techniques AMAR PRAKASH KAUSHIK1,*, VIVEK KUMAR HIMANSHU1, M P ROY1, A K MISHRA1, ASHISH MISHRA2 and HUZAIFA SUFIYAN SIDDIQUE3 1Department of Rock Excavation Engineering, CSIR – Central Institute of Mining …

Shoring to prevent the collapse of the sides of an excavation consisting of timber or steel frames with close boarding between frames Barriers along the sides of an excavation to prevent workers falling into it. PROTECTION OF ADJOINING BUILDINGS 1. An excavation should not be so close and deep as to undermine stability of any adjacent structure. 2.

Safety Precautions while Blasting. For the safety of workers, red flags shall be prominently displayed around the area where blasting operations are to be carried out. All the workers at the site shall withdraw to a safe distance of at least 200 meters from the blasting site. An audio warning by blowing whistle shall be given before igniting ...

In this article, we discuss how to safely conduct blasting operations in hard rock or soil. The blasting operations shall be carried out under the supervision of a responsible authorized blasting engineer. In case of blasting with dynamite, …

Underwater rock blasting and surface blasting differ primarily in the environment they interact with water and air, respectively [].One significant difference is the acoustic impedance, which is a measure of how sound travels through a medium [14, 15].Water has a much higher acoustic impedance compared to air [].Secondly, we must consider the effects of …

Tunneling work is widely carried out in the construction of the railway, road projects, and irrigation This work is specialized and hazardous because of cramped working space wet and slippery flooring, artificial lighting. Usually characterized by inadequate, ventilation, obnoxious gases, unseen weaknesses of rock, handling of explosives, hauling muck, etc, leading to accidents. in …

Shoring: This process involves using supports to prevent soil movement. It is particularly effective in deep excavations. Shielding: Trench boxes or shields can be deployed to protect workers from cave-ins, allowing safe access to the trench. Sloping: This method entails cutting back the trench walls at an angle, which reduces the likelihood of cave-ins.

A trial excavation is a preliminary excavation to ensure the protection of underground facilities before proceeding with mechanical excavation. Adapting Soil Protection Methods Implementing appropriate soil protection methods, such as stepping, sloping, shoring, and close sheeting, can significantly reduce the risk of cave-ins.

4. DRILLING AND ITS NECESSITY Drilling is the process of making hole in solid materials like rocks, timber, metal, etc. For blasting rocks, drilling is necessary to make hole in the rock to place explosive in the drill hole. Different tools and methods are used for drilling depending on the type of material, the size of the hole, the number of holes and the time to complete the …

good management, accidents and hazards might occur. A critical review of various safety parameters while constructing a tunnel and its management is presented in this paper. This review paper discusses the history of safety of tunnels till present safety measures and techniques adopted around the world for different

In order to control the impact of rolling stones, blasting vibration, blasting flying stones on surrounding buildings, bridges and culverts, pre-embedded industrial water pipes, highways and roadbeds during the excavation of mountain bodies, precise controlled blasting and comprehensive vibration reduction techniques such as weak loosening ...

These six blasting techniques are known as the safest to use in blasting. SEE OUR BLAST MATS IN ACTION. 1. Muffle Blasting. Scattered projectiles can strike workers or structures, and fly-rock is a serious consideration in …

Understanding blasting safety and putting it into practice can mean distinguishing between a successful blast and an absolute disaster. Blasting safety involves assessing, controlling, monitoring, and managing risk …

Selecting the Right Tools: Effective rock breaking hinges on choosing the appropriate attachment, like hydraulic breakers, which should match the excavator's size and power as well as the rock's hardness. This foundational step is crucial for both efficiency and equipment longevity. Efficient Operating Techniques: Employing specific operating techniques, …

During any excavation, sufficient slopes shall be provided by providing steps or gradual slopes to ensure the safety of men and machines working in the area. Blasting for the building's foundation is prohibited unless special permission is …

These hazards should be identified and preventive measures should be taken to avoid any accident at construction sites. Excavation Hazards- Affects and Prevention Measures 1. Pit Excavation up to 3m. Pits up to three meters may be excavated for testing subsurface soil, monitoring water table, foundation construction etc.

3. Design and Verification of Blasting Parameters 3.1. Design of Tunnel Blasting Parameters. According to relevant rules in Safety Regulations for Blasting (GB6722-2014), the critical value of safe particle vibration velocity is 10–20 cm/s [20 – 22].Considering the structural uniqueness of the transition section in a branching-out tunnel, the safety critical value of …

of the submarine tunnel, establishing effective WI safety control standards and taking corresponding control measures for the safe construction of the subsea tunnel. At present, the research on the risk of inrush water during the construction of tunnels through poor geological bodies is mainly concentrated in mountain tunnels (Cao, 2018; Wang

🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Excavation procedure for foundation construction requires site clearance, setting out, excavation and safety measures based on depth of excavation. Site Clearance Before Excavation for Foundation Before the excavation for the proposed foundation is commenced, the site shall be cleared of vegetation, brushwood, stumps ...

Excavation and trenching are among the most hazardous construction operations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Excavation standards, 29 Code of …