Rare earth elements (REEs) are at the forefront of discussions, given their crucial role in cutting-edge and eco-friendly innovations that propel the industrial revolution towards a green economy. These elements have become indispensable to various modern technologies, such as smartphones, electronic devices, and renewable energy sources. Many different …

We discuss a cost-effective approach to understand magnetic relaxation in the new generation of rare-earth single-molecule magnets. It combines ab initio calculations of the crystal field parameters, of the magneto-elastic coupling with local modes, and of the phonon density of states with fitting of only three microscopic parameters. Although much less demanding than a fully …

This approach is risky; extraction from unconventional sources can cost more than mining, given the low concentrations of rare earth elements and the greater initial concentration of toxic ...

In this review, mine wastes, which are secondary sources, were defined, conventional methods of recovery of rare earth elements were discussed, greener approaches …

As one of the essential raw materials for high-tech and national defense industries, rare earth resources (RERs) are widely used in more than 200 products such as electric vehicles, aircraft, missiles, and radars, and are crucial to national economic security and national defense security (Bo et al., 2015).Therefore, in recent years, rare earth resources have attracted the …

The rare earth elements (REEs), comprised of yttrium, scandium, and the lanthanides, are critical components of many clean energy, defense, ... Future work will focus on scaling the biosorption approach to enable a flow-through biosorption operation in column format, which will enable desorption with a small, circulating volume of citrate to ...

Green Approach for Rare Earth Element (REE) Recovery from Coal. Fly Ash. Pan Liu, Simin Zhao, Nan Xie, Lufeng Yang, Qian Wang, Yinghao Wen, Hailong Chen, and Yuanzhi Tang * Cite This: Environ. Sci.

Baseline data on concentration, fractionation, pollution level and ecological risk index for seventeen beach sediments from Santa Rosalia mining region of Baja California Sur, Mexico were assessed. Higher concentrations of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) (mean. 341.49 μg/g) indicated that it is higher than most of the mining regions around the world. . …

End-of-life (EOL) products represent a major reserve of RE materials, as the amount of Nd and Dy in within in-use devices exceeds the primary production [].However, no industrially applicable processes currently exist that allow systematic recovery of rare earth magnets from e-waste and EOL products [19, 20].Factors affecting the complexity of the …

This study investigates an innovative approach for the separation and recovery of phosphorus and REEs though vacuum carbon thermal reduction of associated rare earth phosphate ores. Theoretical calculations show that at 0.1 Pa and a carbon allocation factor of 1.14, the initial temperature at which Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F was reduced to P 2 is 800 °C.

Calls for further research and offers a new approach when talking about sustainable use of rare earth elements Provides a short description and explanation for the Chinese way of doing politics Shows that the notion which recent headlines might have implied - that hard disk drives, mobile phones, E-mobility and wind energy account for the bulk ...

Rare earth elements (REE) include the lanthanide series elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) plus Sc and Y. Currently these metals have become very critical to several modern technologies ranging from cell phones and televisions to LED light bulbs and wind turbines. This article summarizes the occurrence of ...

What GAO Found. Three Department of Defense (DOD) offices have identified certain rare earth materials (rare earths) as critical for some defense applications, such as lasers, but DOD has not taken a comprehensive, department-wide approach to identifying which rare earths, if any, are critical to national security.

An overview of potential environmental regulations is provided in this section for stakeholders who are concerned with the environmental, health effects and impacts across authorities for rare earth elements (REE) and critical minerals (CM) recovered from both conventional as well as unconventional feedstock resources as mine tailings, abandoned hard …

Our approach is shown to reproduce the experimental crystal-field splitting in the prototypical rare-earth hard magnet SmCo 5. Applying it to R Fe 12 and R Fe 12 X hard magnets ( R = Nd, Sm and X = N, Li), we obtain in particular a large positive value of the crystal-field parameter A 2 0 〈 r 2 〉 in NdFe 12 N resulting in a strong out-of ...

Journal Article: Green Approach for Rare Earth Element (REE) Recovery from Coal Fly Ash Green ... Due to the growing demands of rare earth elements (REEs) and the vulnerability of REEs to potential supply disruption, there have been increasing interests in recovering REEs from waste streams such as coal fly ash (CFA). Meanwhile, CFA as a large ...

The rapid increase in demand for rare-earth elements reflects their crucial roles in climate critical technologies. However, the lack of simple solutions for the separation of these metals from waste materials and ores represents a significant barrier to sustainable and environmentally benign rare-earth production. We report the application of a supramolecular …

A comparison of oxygen Frenkel formation and rare earth doping in the Lu 2 SiO 5 and Y 2 SiO 5 orthosilicates using a computer modelling approach. ... The approach used was based on the model of interatomic potentials and the lattice energy minimization method. Results show that isovalent substitution in the RE sites was the most favourable due ...

Herein, a series of AB 6 and RB 6 was prepared by an electrochemical alloying approach (EAA) in molten salts, by which alkaline-earth or rare-earth metal cations were reduced and simultaneously alloyed with boron powder to form borides (Fig. 1 a).Because of the strong interaction between boron and target alkaline- and rare-earth metals, the target metal ions in …

The study discusses several topics: (i) the geological and environmental conditions necessary for the formation of ionic rare earth deposits, particularly emphasizing the role of climate, …

Given the growing environmental focus in recent years, the search for renewable energy sources, and the countless possibilities for applications of rare earth elements (REE), the demand for greater availability of REE in the renewable energy sector arises [1], [2], [3].When comparing wind farms and electric vehicles with their fossil fuel-powered equivalents, it is …

Obtaining rare earth elements begins with obtaining source materials, which can happen, broadly, in three ways: primary extraction, or mining directly from the earth; recovery from secondary...

The REs are a family of 17 metallic elements formed by the group III (Sc, Y) and the lanthanide series (La–Lu). The name "rare earth" is misleading and does not represent a geological scarcity ().The origin of this description lies in the occurrence of REs as a mixture of elements in minerals, generally at low concentration.

A series of heterobimetallic rare-earth metal(III)−silver(I) complexes were investigated for four different rare-earth metals (La, Sm, Yb, Y) also exploring two different synthetic pathways. ... Here, we found the approach to start from the mononuclear rare-earth metal complexes and introduce the silver center as the second metal to be the ...

comprehensive approach for ensuring a sufficient supply of rare earths for national security needs—one that can establish criticality, assess supply risks, and identify mitigating actions.

Rare earth elements (REEs) constitute a group of seventeen chemically analogous metallic elements within the periodic table, including the fifteen lanthanides, as well as yttrium and scandium [1].REEs are known as "industrial vitamins" and their unique magnetic, optical, and electrical properties make them indispensable in a multitude of high-technology applications.

Selective supramolecular encapsulation is used to more efficiently separate and recover rare-earth elements from magnet waste and ores. Driven by their critical roles in low-carbon technologies, the demand for rare-earth …

Operating in a single step, this method accomplishes the full separation of individual REEs by regulating reaction kinetics. Subsequently, distinct crystalline products of various REEs are isolated through flotation, …

The rare earth elements in coals are mainly bound to the mineral matter although some are organically associated (Finkelman, 1993; Eskenazy, 1996).As noted by many authors, REE are less subjected to fractionation in the sedimentary cycle than most other elements (Fleet, 1984).For this reason any changes in their distribution patterns in different coals may be …

We explore the long-term demand and supply potentials of rare earth elements in alternative energy vehicles (AEVs) in the United States until 2050. Using a stock-flow model, we compare a baseline scenario with scenarios that incorporate …