After discharged from BF, the molten slag forms the glass slag with fast cooling in water or other mediums, and crystalline slag with natural cooling in air [2]pared to the crystalline slag, the glass slag has the better hydration activity, suitable for the production of value-added materials, such as cement, concrete and glass-ceramics [3, 4]. ...

The influence of air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregates as replacement of natural aggregates on the water absorption of concrete and mortar was studied, and the mechanism was analyzed. The interface between aggregate and matrix in concrete was analyzed by using a micro-hardness tester, a laser confocal microscope and a scanning electron microscope with …

Steel slag, a nonmetallic by-product generated during the steelmaking process, accounts for approximately 15–20% of crude steel production [1,2,3].Globally, steel slag production is estimated to be around …

Calculations Relating to Concrete and Masonry. Sidney M. Levy, in Construction Calculations Manual, 2012 5.4.5 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag. Although portland blast-furnace slag cement, which is made by intergrinding the granulated slag with portland cement clinker (blended cement), has been used for more than 60 years, the use of separately ground slag combined …

To provide a product with equivalent or greater compressive strengths, only grades 100 and 120 ground granulated blast-furnace slag should be used. However, in mass concrete, the heat of …

Pelletized blast furnace slag, in contrast to air-cooled and expanded blast furnace slag, has a relatively smooth texture and rounded shape. Grinding reduces the particle size to a cement fineness for use as a hydraulic cement, which is …

Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a particularly interesting anthropogenic material. This material is a byproduct of steel mills, which is deposited in slag dumps at the end of the process [5,6]. The slag cooling technique impacts the type of generated slag, which leads to further dividing of the BFS.

A cupola furnace is the most frequently used furnace aggregate for cast iron production. A by-product of the production of cast iron in cupola furnaces is cupola slag. Its amount is 40–80 kg per 1 tonne of the produced cast iron, and that is one of the reasons why this material is not as favoured as, for example, the blast-furnace slag. The purpose of this article …

1 INTRODUCTION. Blast furnace slag (BFS) and steel slag (SS), as industrial solid wastes produced in the process of steel-making, account for 80%–90% of the total smelting slag. [] BFS accounts for about 30% of pig iron output, [] while SS accounts for 10%–15% of the crude steel output. [] SS comprises various slags, including basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) …

The primary components of iron and steel slag are limestone (CaO) and silica (SiO 2).Other components of blast furnace slag include alumina (Alsub>2 O 3) and magnesium oxide (MgO), as well as a small amount of sulfur (S), while steelmaking slag contains iron oxide (FeO) and magnesium oxide (MgO).In the case of steelmaking slag, the slag contains metal elements …

The paper presents the use of fly ash and blast furnace slag to replace sand in concrete with a wet density of 1700 kg/m3 and 900 kg/m3 as well as their mechanical properties.

Panels made with using slag Benefits and Advantages of Blast Furnace Slag. The initial strength achieved is less than the conventional concrete, but the superior ultimate strength attained is equivalent and sometimes higher …

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of load on the micro-hardness measured on glassy "acid" blast furnace slag using Meyer's, Hays – Kendall, and PSR methods. Materials …

We prepared four slabs using blast furnace slag powder of various percentages i.e. 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%), for first slab preparation blast furnace slag is 0%, so only epoxy and …

Granulated Blast furnace slag (GBS) is a light coloured 0/4mm glassy sand produced by the rapid quenching of molten blast furnace slag using large volumes of water. Production and Processing. GBS or Granulate as it is sometimes known is produced by rapidly cooling molten Blast furnace slag with water as the slag is tapped from the furnace.

Fig 1 Blast furnace slag and its processing. BF slag is sometimes erroneously classified, and often looked upon, as industrial waste material. In actual fact, this by-product is valuable and extremely versatile construction material. ... Hardness (measured by Moh's scale of mineral hardness)* 5-6: 5: California Bearing Ratio (CBR), top size ...

Low-heat Portland cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag are widely used for the preparation of hydraulic concrete. Nevertheless, the effect and mechanism of corrosion on low-heat ...

3.1.1 Components and Classification of the Blast Furnace Slag. Conventional blast furnace slag belongs to silicate-based system. At present, the research on the structure of blast furnace slag took the related research methods of silicate glass and geological lava as the reference [1,2,3].According to the theory of network structure, the common components in the blast …

The result shows that the mold properties of blast furnace slag were better as compared to silica sand mold; the mold properties such as shear strength, compressive strength, hardness and permeability of blast furnace slag mold and silica sand mold are 7.2 psi, 17.5 psi, 88, 630; 6.9 psi, 15.4 psi, 92, 480 respectively. The A319 alloy cast in ...

The CaO/SiO 2 mass ratio of the original Ti-bearing blast furnace slag was about 1.1, which was higher than that of ordinary silicate-based glass ceramics, so the chemical reagent SiO 2 was added to adjust the CaO/SiO 2 …

Ground blast furnace slag (GBFS) activated by two different sodium hydroxide solutions was used in this study to stabilise a natural raw earth material with the aim of formulating an earth-based concrete with high hygrothermal properties. ... Figure 1 shows the evolution of hardness with slag content with the two different activating solutions ...

Almost all granulated blast furnace slag (e.g., cooled with high-pressure sprays of water) is used in concrete mixes or in blended cements as a partial substitute for Portland cement . In addition to construction use, ferrous slag also has various environmental applications. ... Hardness, with values ranging from 27 to 1340 mg CaCO 3 /L, was ...

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) has been increasingly used as replacement of Portland cement (PC) at different proportions in cemented paste backfill (CPB) material due to its relative ...

When some blast furnace slag cool from the molten state to around 490°C an inversion of ß-dicalcium silicate to the gamma form in the slag may result in disruption of the slag structure. This leads to a condition in the slag known as falling or dusting unsoundness. AS2758.14 notes …

Blast furnace slag is a nonmetallic coproduct produced in the process. It consists primarily of silicates, aluminosilicates, and calcium-alumina-silicates. The molten slag, which absorbs …

Figure 3b shows that the GBF slag particles appear irreg-ular and angular in shape. This distinctive morphology of GBFS is attributed to the atomization technique employed, wherein a set of water jets rapidly cools the liquid slag, resulting in the irregular and angular shape. Figure 2. Flow diagram of blast furnace slag generation process23 ...

The addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag could significantly improve the leaching resistance of low-heat Portland cement. For instance, after adding 20% ground granulated blast furnace slag, the above test values were …

Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), sometimes simply referred to as "slag", is a glassy granular material formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water. It is a non-metallic product, consisting of silicates and aluminosilicates of

Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) is a green construction material used to produce durable concrete. The secondary pozzolanic reactions can result in reduced pore connectivity; therefore, replacing partial amount of Portland cement (PC) with GGBS can significantly reduce the risk of sulfate attack, alkali–silica reactions and chloride penetration. …

1.2 Fibre (Blast Furnace Slag) Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is a by-product from the blast furnaces used to make iron. When blast furnace is fed with proportionate mixture of iron-ore, coke and limestone and operated at the temperatures of about 15000C, molten iron and molten slag is formed.